Jillian Kurzmann's Blog 4/25/18

Jillian Kurzmann
4/25/18
Honors Western Civilization

Today in class, we took notes on Rome. We had a shortened class due to a D Day schedule.

  • Caesar reforms
    • Granted citizenship to people in provinces.
    • Expanded the Senate, added his friends.
    • Created projects for the poor, especially through public works projects. 
    • Increased pay for soldiers.
    • Started colonies where those without land could own property.
  • Caesar was assassinated.
    • why? The senators saw Caesar's rise in power a threat to their own viability.
    • How? They stabbed him 23 times after luring him into the Senate, made sure everyone was involved.
    • who? Even Brutus, Caesar's ally (Et tu Brute?).
    • Senators were not punished.
    • Octavian was named Caesar's sole heir.
    • Basically, this was the end of the republic.
  • Julius Caesar's grandnephew- and adopted son- Octavian takes over at the edge of 18! with his own triumvirate.
    • Mark Antony is an experienced general.
    • Lepidus is a powerful politician.
    • This is the second triumvirate.
  • Octavian forces the weak Lepidus to retire.
  • He and Mark Antony become rivals.
  • Mark Antony partners up with Cleopatra of Egypt.
    • Military
    • Personal
    • Politically
    • Economically
  • Octavian defeats them at the battle of Actium.
  • He is now unchallenged ruler of Rome.
  • He was given the honorific "Augustus ".
    • Exalted One
  • He was also given the name "imperator".
    • Supreme military commander.
  • This is were the word emperor comes from.
  • Now Rome is an empire not a republic.
  • 40 years of ruling as emperor (27 BC to 14 AD).
  • He began a stable era of peace and prosperity known as Pax Romana ( Roman Peace).
  • Pax Romana was 207 years long ( 27 BC to AD 180).
  • Expanded Roman Empire further into Africa.
  • He setup civili service to run the government/ empire.
    • Building network of roads.
    • Collecting taxesrebal palsy
    • Establishes a postal service.
    • Administering the grain supply.
    • Building awesome public facilities.
      • Buildings and Aqueducts.
    • Set up a police department
    • Running a fire-fighting organization.
  • Finally died of natural causes.
  • After Octavian's death , power was passed down to emperors.
  • Tiberius
    • Ruled from AD 14 to AD 37.
    • an excellant general but, a reluctant emperor.
    • After death of his son, he exiled himself from Rome and left his servants in charge.
    • Died at age 77.
  • Caligula
    • Ruled from Ad 37 to AD 41 ( only 4 years).
    • won a power struggle after Tiberius' death.
    • known for his cruelty, extravagance, and perversity- an insane tyrant.
    • assassinated by a group of praetorian guards, Senators, and imperial court, trying to re-establish the republic.
    • but.. it didn't work.
  • Claudius
    • Ruled from AD 41 to AD 54.
    • Suffered from many infirmities: a limp, stammering, slobbering, shaking.....possible cerebral palsy.
    • Took over because he was the last adult male in the family.
    • ruled well- built roads, canals, aqueducts, and started the conquest of the British.
    • Died form poisoning - it was his last wife's plan (She wanted her son Nero to rule instead).
  • Nero
    • ruled from 54 to 68
    • emphasized the arts.
    • huge fire in 64 ( although he didn't fiddle).
    • He wanted to rebuild Rome to be Majestic.
    • He hugely overspent, and even raided the temples for money.
    • Historians don't look kindly on him
These are the notes I missed on Monday

  • Poet Juvenal said Rome " anxiously hopes for 2 things bread and entertainment
  • Bread ( free grain from the states), entertainment ( colosseum )
  • Tiberius Gracchus recognized the advantages of courting the plebians
  • Military generals worked that angle- lead an army that conquers a land, give them a share in the spoils
  • soldiers loyalty was to their military leaders not necessarily to Rome or the republic
  • Julius caesar (100-44) B.C.
  • highly successful general
  • conquered the huge territory of gaul
  • Made common folks happy
  • made friends in high places
    • Pompey (general who conquered syria, Palestine)  
    • Crassus (richest man in rome and one of the richest men in the worlds history)
  • The 3 men formed the triumvirate
  • " Rule of men"
  • Crossing the rubicon
  • once you have made a decision you can never go back
  • serves as consul
  • appoints himself governor of gaul
  • his armies clash with pompous in Greece, Asia , Spain, and Egypt
  • in 44 B.C.
  • he is named dictator first six months, then for life
  • grants citizenship to people in provinces
  • expands senate, adds his friends
  • create jobs for the poor
  • increase pay for soldiers
  • started colonies where those without land could own property.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Jillian Kurzmann's Blog 5/30/18

Jillian Kurzmann 5/30/18 Honors Western Civilization Today in class, Mr. Schick was absent. We took notes on a powerpoint. Luther and the Reformation The Church is weakened Renaissance challenged secular power German Ruler opposed Church power Merchants refused to pay Roman Church Taxes The Renaissance Popes spent $ on themselves Priests and monks were no longer being educated Had children, married Drank, gambled Indulgences- pardons-> "releases a sinner from performing the penalty a priest imposed for sins" (Johann Tetzel) Martin Luther Born in Germany: 1483 A close encounter with a lightning bolt drove him to become a monk Doctor of Theology before age 30 Wrote "95 Theses" The "95 Theses"- 95 objections to the Pardon Merchant Johann Tetzel and his indulgences Matin Luther nailed this on the Church doors (Wittenberg) Printing press spread "95 Theses" all throughout Germany and Europe Luther based the Reformation...
Read more

Jillian Kurzmann's Blog 5/17/18

Jillian Kurzmann 5/17/18 Honors Western Civilization Today in class, we took notes on a powerpoint. Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Main Idea: Many Germanic Kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne's empire. Why it matters now: Charlemagne spread Christian civilization throughout Northern Europe, which is where some (not all of) us came from. Setting the Stage Middle Ages=Medieval period. Ad 476- AD 1453. (From the end of the Roman Empire to the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks). Medieval Europe is fragmented. This is a New Society  This new society has roots in: Classical heritage of Rome. Beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church. Customs of various Germanic tribes. 5th Century Germanic Invaders Overrun the Western half of the Roman Empire. Causing: Disruption of Trade. Downfall of Cities. Population shifts to rural areas. Effects of Invasion Decline of Learning  Tribes had oral tradition, s...
Read more