Western Civilization

Jillian Kurzmann 5/30/18 Honors Western Civilization Today in class, Mr. Schick was absent. We took notes on a powerpoint. Luther and the Reformation The Church is weakened Renaissance challenged secular power German Ruler opposed Church power Merchants refused to pay Roman Church Taxes The Renaissance Popes spent $ on themselves Priests and monks were no longer being educated Had children, married Drank, gambled Indulgences- pardons-> "releases a sinner from performing the penalty a priest imposed for sins" (Johann Tetzel) Martin Luther Born in Germany: 1483 A close encounter with a lightning bolt drove him to become a monk Doctor of Theology before age 30 Wrote "95 Theses" The "95 Theses"- 95 objections to the Pardon Merchant Johann Tetzel and his indulgences Matin Luther nailed this on the Church doors (Wittenberg) Printing press spread "95 Theses" all throughout Germany and Europe Luther based the Reformation...

Jillian Kurzmann 5/27/18 Honors Western Civilization Today in class, we took notes on a powerpoint. Renaissance 1300-1600 Northern Italy: birthplace of the Renaissance  Renaissance- rebirth (of learning of culture) Cities were the center of the action Milan and Florence had wealthy merchants and bankers Artists in these cities were inspired by the former splendor of Rome (and Greece) Merchants and the Medici  Merchants dominated politics The Medici were a powerful banking family  They paid artists, writers, and musicians to create beautiful works of art They were patrons A super-nation: Isabella d'Este Educated, brillant A gifted singer, lute player, innovative dancer Wealthy, powerful parents She sponsored painters, sculptors, musicians, writers, architects A fashionista, she even designed her own perfume line Patron da Vinci, Raphael, Michaelangelo, Bellini, Correiggion, and many, many others Evolving valves... Humanism A deep intere...

Jillian Kurzmann 5/24/18 Honors Western Civilization Today in class, we took a test. After, we too notes in the textbook. Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance Setting the Stage Europe suffered from war and plague.  Those who survived wanted to celebrate life. They questioned the institutions of the Middle Ages. Some questioned the church. In Italy, writers and artists began to express this new spirit and experiment with different styles. Italy's Advantages This movement caused an explosion of creating in art, writing, and thought from 1300-1600. This is called the Renaissance. Renaissance- rebirth or revival of art and learning. The educated people wanted to bring back to life the culture of classical Greece and Rome. These new changes helped artists explore the depths of individuality. Three advantages of the Renaissance are thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and heritage of Greece and Rome. City-States Overseas trade led to the growth of large...

Jillian Kurzmann 5/21/18 Honors Western Civilization Today in class, we took notes on a powerpoint. Where Did Charlemagne Come From? Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) - grandfather lived 688 - 741 won the crucial Battle of Tours (732), halting Islamic expansion in western Europe Charles Martel's sons:  Carloman (706 - 754) retired to become a monk in 747 Pepin the Short (714 - 768) continued to hold the Muslims off father of Charlemagne (and Carloman I) What Makes Charles So "Great"? He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an Empire He fought the Muslims in Spain (to the west) He conquered Italy (to the south) He fought Huns and Magyars (to the east)  Pope Leo III appreciated his efforts to spread Christianity, and crowned him  Imperator Augustus  (Emperor)on Christmas Day, 800 Charlemagne’s Legacy Renewed emphasis on education and culture literature, mathematics, ar...

Jillian Kurzmann 5/18/18 Honors Western Civilization Today in class, we took notes on the powerpoint. Even so... Clovis rules the Franks. Clovis rules the Germanic people of Gaul, known as the Franks (which is where "France" comes from). In 496 he has a battlefield conversion- he and 3000 of his warriors become Christians. The Church in Rome likes this. By 511, the Franks are united into one kingdom, with Clovis and the Church working as partners . Spread of Christianity  Church + Frankish rulers = Rise of Christianity. In 520, Benedict writes rules for monks. Vows of Poverty (live simply in monasteries). Chastity (no marital relations). Obedience (Listen to Church Superiors). His sister, Scholastica, writes similar rules for nuns. They operate schools, maintain libraries, copy books. Pope Gregory and Papal power play Pope Gregory I (Gregory the Great) goes secular (worldly power). Church revenues are used to help the poor, build roads, and raise ...

Jillian Kurzmann 5/17/18 Honors Western Civilization Today in class, we took notes on a powerpoint. Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Main Idea: Many Germanic Kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne's empire. Why it matters now: Charlemagne spread Christian civilization throughout Northern Europe, which is where some (not all of) us came from. Setting the Stage Middle Ages=Medieval period. Ad 476- AD 1453. (From the end of the Roman Empire to the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks). Medieval Europe is fragmented. This is a New Society  This new society has roots in: Classical heritage of Rome. Beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church. Customs of various Germanic tribes. 5th Century Germanic Invaders Overrun the Western half of the Roman Empire. Causing: Disruption of Trade. Downfall of Cities. Population shifts to rural areas. Effects of Invasion Decline of Learning  Tribes had oral tradition, s...